Types and basic rules for arranging the foundation
The foundation is an underground part of any building. It has all the main loads that arise in various aboveground parts. The underground part of the building transfers the pressure from the loads to the base itself. The upper plane of the foundation on which the aboveground parts of the building are located are called the surface of the foundation or a cut. In turn, the lower plane, which is directly in contact with the base – this is the sole of the foundation. The depth of the foundation is determined depending on the type of soil, as well as on the depth of its freezing. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the depth of groundwater level.
All these indicators can be easily checked using a well-gourf well, the depth of which is 2-2.5 m. Construction specialists recommend laying the foundation slightly below the freezing depth of this soil. Thus, if it is necessary to carry out the construction of a house on dusty sands, abundantly saturated with water (floating), or les -shaped, soil soils, it is mandatory required to apply with great responsibility to this work. In such cases, it is not possible to use bulk, plant soils as natural bases. Peatants are also excluded in the use. Когда имеющиеся грунты не могут полностью обеспечить необходимую устойчивость здания, которое воздвигается на них, тогда прибегают к устройству искусственного основания.